Abstract:Avicennia schaueriana is found in Brazilian mangrove coast. The cytotoxicity in vitro of the Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Avicennia schaueriana (AELAs) and the healing activity of the plant in cream on mice skin wounds were evaluated in this study. The cytotoxic evaluation was performed on Vero cells. The healing activity was evaluated on mice treated during 5, 10 and 15 days with cream at 5%, solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% and dexpanthenol in cream at 5%. The extract did not show cytotoxicity, but showed mitogenic activity (100μg/ml). In morphometric analysis, the percentage of wound contraction after 10 days was higher in dexpanthenol group (93.41%). In 15 days, the lowest percentage of contraction was observed in the dexpanthenol group (94.41%) and the highest in the AELAs cream group (98.50%). In histomorphometry the dexpanthenol showed the lowest length of re-epithelialization in 10 days. In 15 days, the AELAs cream group showed 100% of re-epithelialization. The number of fibroblasts found in AELAs cream group was higher than the saline solution in 10 days. In 15 days, AELAs cream group maintained a higher amount of fibroblasts when compared to the others. A. schaueriana did not show cytotoxicity. Furthermore, topical application of AELAs cream decreased the wound area, stimulated the re-epithelialization and increased the number of fibroblasts. The species A. schaueriana could become a topical treatment in tissue repair process.

Abstract Reports have indicated that serotonin plays an important role in cell migration and differentiation during the organogenesis of several tissues, including the oral types. Administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) drugs during pregnancy could affect the delivery of serotonin to embryonic tissues altering its development. Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on the formation of the periodontal ligament during pregnancy and lactation in rat pups. Material and Methods Twelve pregnant rats of Wistar lineage were divided into four study groups. In the control group, 0.9% sodium chloride solution was administered orally, throughout the entire period of the 21 days of pregnancy (CG group) and in the CGL group, it was administrated during pregnancy and lactation (from day 1 of pregnancy to the 21st day after birth). Fluoxetine was administered orally at the dose of 20 mg/kg in a group treated during pregnancy only (FG group), and during pregnancy and lactation (FGL group). Histometrical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis of the maxillary first molar periodontium region of the 24 rat pups was made under light microscopy, and periodontal ligament collagen was qualitatively evaluated under a polarizing light microscope. Results The quantity of fibroblasts (p=0.006), osteoblasts (p=0.027) and cementoblasts (p=0.001) was reduced in pups from the rats that received fluoxetine during pregnancy and lactation. No alterations were seen in the collagen fibers. Conclusion These findings suggest that periodontal tissue may be sensitive to fluoxetine, and its interference in reducing periodontal cells depends on exposure time during lactation.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate wound contraction and the concentration of mast cells in skin wounds treated with wild plum (Ximenia americana) essential oil-based ointment in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were submitted to two cutaneous wounds in the thoracic region, on the right and left antimeres. Thereon, they were divided into three groups: GX (wounds treated once a day with hydro alcoholic branch extract of Ximenia americana), GP (wounds that received vehicle), and GC (wounds without product application). Wounds were measured immediately after the injury as well as 4, 7, 14 and 21 days post-topical application of the extract. At these days, five rats from each group were euthanatized. Thereafter, samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde and processed for paraffin embedding. Sections were stained with H.E, Masson's Trichrome and toluidine blue for morphological, morphometrical and histopathological analysis, under light microscopy. The degree of epithelial contraction was measured and mast cell concentrations were also evaluated with an image analyzer (Image Pro-plus®software) . Results: The extract treated group showed lower mast cell concentrations in the 4th day of lesion, as compared to GP (GX<GP=GC, p=0.029), as well as with increased contraction at 7th and 14th days, respectively (7th and 14th days, GX > GP = GC; p<0.05) . Conclusion: Ointment containing 10% X. americana induces a decrease in mast cell concentration, at the beginning of the healing process, and promotes early skin wound contraction in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of angico bark extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) in the healing process of the skin of rats.METHODS: Twenty adult male rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, according to the respective postoperative days, as follow: G4, G7, G14 and G21. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, the animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. Histological sections (5 μm of thickness) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Gomori trichromic and picrosisirus red for morphological and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05).RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in skyn wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at 7th and collagen in 7th and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract.CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of copaiba oil ointment (Copaifera langsdorffii) on dorsal skin flaps in rats. METHODS: Adult male rats (n=30) were distributed into three groups of ten animals each, as follows: GC - control; GCA - absolute control and GT - treated with copaiba ointment. The rats were subjected to dorsal cutaneous skin flap surgery and the animals from the GC and GT received post-operative treatment for eight consecutive days. The animals from the GCA group did not receive treatment while the animals from the GC group received daily topical treatment of ointment without the active ingredient and the animals from the GT group were daily treated with 10% copaiba oil ointment. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated according to the percentage of necrotic area. Then, fragments from cranial, median and caudal parts were fixed in Boüin's solution and processed for paraffin embedding. The morphology of histological sections (5µm) was evaluated and the number of leucocytes, fibroblasts and blood vessels was also analyzed. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The necrotic area was lower in the group treated with copaiba ointment when compared to the control groups (GCA>GC and GT), while the morphology showed larger granulation tissue with bulky fibroblasts and collagen fibers more arranged in the GT group. The morphometry showed a significant higher number of blood vessels in the median and caudal parts (GT>GCA and GC), leucocytes in the cranial part (GT>GC>GCA), and also fibroblasts in the median (GT and GC> GCA) and caudal parts (GT>GC and GCA) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The copaiba oil ointment favors angiogenesis and accelerates the viability of random skin flaps in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius) ointment on skin wound healing in rats. METHODS: Adult male rats (n=20) were divided into four groups of five animals each, as follows: G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to 4th, 7th, 14th and 21th days postoperatively. Each animal were made two incisions on the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue, in the right and left sides of thoracic region, separated by a distance of two inches. The right lesion was treated with base ointment (vaseline, lanolin); the left one was treated with base ointment containing 5% of aroeira oil. At the end of each experimental period the lesions were evaluated for the contraction degree. Then held the collection of fragments that were fixed in 10% formalin and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections (5μm) was evaluated the morphology and quantified the collagen and blood vessels. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA test complemented by Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The contraction of the lesions was higher in wounds treated with aroeira oil than in controls at 7th and 14th days (p<0.01), whereas in the 21st day all lesions were already completely healed. The morphology showed granulation tissue more developed, with fibroblasts more bulky and collagen fibers more arranged in the experimental group at 4th, 7th and 14th days. The morphometry showed a significant increase in the quantification of collagen fibers in the experimental group at 7th and 14th days (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The aroeira oil accelerates the healing process of wounds as a macroscopic, morphological and morphometrical analysis.

AIM: To evaluate the morphological aspects of coronal dentinogenesis in the first molars of 1- and 5-day-old rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride during pregnancy. METHODS: Twelve pregnant Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: group C (control), group FL (fluoxetine administered at 10 mg/kg bodyweight), and group FX (fluoxetine administered at 20 mg/kg bodyweight). Saline (0.9%) solution or fluoxetine hydrochloride was administered subcutaneously for the first 21 days of pregnancy. Subsequently, the offspring of these animals was subdivided into subgroups according to age of tooth germ development to be studied: 1 and 5 days of life. C1 and C5 (control group 1 and 5 days of age); FL1 and FL5 (groups treated with 10 mg/kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age); FX5 and FX1 (groups treated with 20 mg/ kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age). RESULTS: No structural changes in the dentin-pulp complex of rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride were observed at either dose. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoxetine, at the doses administered during pregnancy in this study, did not alter the morphological development of the coronal dentin-pulp complex in their offspring.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do extrato de angico (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) na cicatrização em pele de ratos. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos adultos (n=20) foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de cinco animais cada, a saber: G4, G7, G14 e G21, o que corresponde a quatro, sete, 14 e 21 dias de pós-operatório. Cada grupo recebeu duas incisões na pele compreendendo o tecido subcutâneo, nos antímeros direito e esquerdo da região torácica, separadas por uma distância de dois cm. A lesão esquerda com extrato alcoólico de angico (5%), iniciando-se logo após a cirurgia por 21 dias consecutivos. Ao final de cada período (4, 7, 14 e 21 de pós-operatório) experimental foram coletados fragmentos da área da ferida, fixada em formol a 10% e processadas para inclusão em parafina. Nos cortes histológicos com 5 µm de espessura, foram realizados métodos imunoistoquímicos para detecção dos vasos sanguíneos (VEGF) e coloração pela hematoxilina para análise morfológica. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística ANOVA complementada pelo teste de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05). RESULTADOS: A análise morfológica mostrou fibroblastos mais volumosos e alta concentração de fibras colágenas no 7º e 14º dias nas feridas tratadas com extrato de angico. A análise morfométrica demonstrou aumento significativo no número de vasos sanguíneos no sétimo e 14º dias (p<0,01) de pós-operatório em feridas tratadas com extrato de angico. CONCLUSÃO: O extrato hidroalcoólico a 5% da casca e entrecasca do angico (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) acelera a neoangiogênese em feridas cutâneas de ratos.

PURPOSE: To study the effects of the angico extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) on the healing of rat skin. METHODS: Twenty adult rats were divided into four groups of five animals each, the G4, G7, G14 and G21, which corresponds to the respective postoperative days. Each group received two incisions on skin and subcutaneous tissue in the right and left antimere of the thoracic region, separated by a distance of 2 cm. The right lesion was treated daily with saline and the left with the angico alcoholic extract (5%). At the end of each experimental period, animals were euthanized and fragments of the wound area, together with the edges were removed, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and processed for paraffin embedding. In the histological sections with 5 µm of thickness, were carried out immunohistochemical methods for detection of blood vessels (VEGF) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological analysis. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Morphological analysis showed larger fibroblasts and a higher concentration of collagen fibers in days 7 and 14 in wounds treated with the angico extract. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the number of blood vessels in both the seventh and 14th days (p<0.01) in wounds treated with the angico extract. CONCLUSION: The angico alcoholic extract (Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil) induces the acceleration of wound healing in skin wounds of rats.

The TMJ has been to the Dental community a key point in the search of knowledge, being it part of the temporomandibular joint complex and of the estomatognathic system which are in charge of the mastication, speech, swallowing, as well as participation in breathing and taste perception. For the majority of the women in serious state of depression, which do not respond psychotherapeutic treatment, pharmacological treatment it's applied. The antidepressants serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most recommended in these cases. The teratogenic effect of the SSRIs is considered controversial, studies done with women who used these drugs during the pregnancy showed that the respiratory and central nervous systems are the most affected, was also recorded a deficit of body growth and the decrease of the encephalon and skull measures. In the present study, our goal was to assess whether the administration of Fluoxetine during the pregnancy modified the embryology and morphology of the TMJ of rats. For that, 16 Wistar female rats from the Nutrition Department of the UFPE vivarium were selected; 8 for the control group, which received daily 0.9% of saline in subcutaneous dose of 10ml/g, with schedules previously established after daily weighing and 8 for the experimental one that were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride with the dose of 10mg/Kg in a volume 10ml/g of weight, were injected subcutaneously with the same standards established for the control group. It was observed, with this dose that the embryological development of the TMJ, especially of the mandibular condyle, does not present any difference between the degree of maturation of the tissue that forms the TMJ, especially of the condyle between the treated and control groups.

La ATM ha sido para la comunidad odontológica un punto clave en la búsqueda del conocimiento, dado que forma parte del complejo articular temporomandibular y del sistema estomatognático, los cuales se encargan de la masticación, fonación y deglución, así como la participación en la respiración y de la percepción gustativa. Para la mayoría de las mujeres con cuadros graves de depresión, que no responden al tratamiento psicoterapéutico, el tratamiento farmacológico es aplicado. Los antidepresivos del grupo de los Inhibidores Selectivos de Recaptación de Serotonina (ISRSs) son los más comúnmente recomendados en estos casos. El efecto teratogénico de los ISRSs es considerado controversial. Estudios realizados en mujeres que utilizaron estas drogas durante la gestación mostraron que los sistemas respiratorios y nervioso central son los más afectados, también fue constatado un déficit de crecimiento corporal, encefálico y disminución de las medidas craneales. En el presente estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si la administración de fluoxetina durante la gestación modifica la embriología y la morfología de la ATM de ratas de laboratorio. Para este fin, 16 ratas Wistar del bioterio de nutrición de la UFPE fueron seleccionadas: 8 para el grupo de control, las cuales recibieron diariamente solución fisiológica a 0,9% en aplicaciones subcutáneas en la dosis de 10ml/g, en horarios previamente establecidos después de pesaje diario y 8 para el experimental, las que fueron tratadas con clorhidrato de fluoxetina en la dosis de 10mg/kg, en un volumen de 10ml/g, inyectados por vía subcutánea en los mismos estándares establecidos para el grupo de control. Se observó, que con esta dosis el desarrollo embriológico de la ATM, especialmente del cóndilo mandibular, no presentó ninguna diferencia entre el grado de maduración de los tejidos que forman la ATM, especialmente del cóndilo, entre los grupos tratado y grupo control.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar morfometricamente a neoangiogênese de retalhos cutâneos subdérmicos em ratos tratados com óleo de copaíba (Copaifera langsdorffii) em pomada a 10%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, composto por três recursos farmacológicos. Foram utilizadas dez repetições para cada recurso, e cada animal foi considerado uma unidade experimental. Trinta ratos Wistar foram submetidos à elevação do retalho cutâneo dorsal subdérmico e distribuídos em três grupos: grupo controle absoluto, no qual os animais não receberam nenhum tratamento; grupo controle, no qual os animais receberam tratamento tópico diário com pomada com apenas veículo (glicerina e vaselina); e grupo tratado, no qual os animais foram tratados diariamente com óleo de copaíba em pomada a 10%. Os ratos foram tratados e observados por oito dias após o ato operatório. No oitavo dia de pós-operatório, realizou-se a análise macroscópica do retalho e foram coletados fragmentos das porções cranial, média e caudal do retalho cutâneo para análise histopatológica. A análise morfométrica mostrou diferença significativa para o número de novos vasos sanguíneos nas partes média e caudal do retalho cutâneo no grupo tratado. O óleo de copaíba mostra-se eficiente no aumento da neoangiogênese em retalhos cutâneos subdérmicos de ratos.

The aim of this work was to evaluate morphometric aspects of subdermic skin flap neoangiogenesis in rats treated with a 10% copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii) oil ointment. The experiment design was a completely randomized, with three pharmacological resources. Ten replicates were used for each resource, and each animal was considered one experimental unit. Thirty Wistar rats were submitted to subdermic dorsal skin flap elevation and distributed into three groups: absolute control group, in which the animals did not receive any treatment; control group, in which the animals received topical treatment only with vehicle (glycerin and petroleum jelly), and treated group, in which the animals were treated daily with a 10% copaiba oil ointment. The rats were treated and observed for eight days after surgery. On the eighth day, the skin flap underwent a macroscopic analysis and fragments were collected from its cranial, medial and caudal portions for histopathological analysis. The morphometric analysis showed significant difference for proliferation of newly formed vessels in the middle and caudal portions of the skin flap in the treated group. Copaiba oil showed efficiency in the increase of neoangiogenesis of subdermic skin flaps in rats.

A Mentha crispa (Lamiaceae) é conhecida popularmente como hortelã-da-folha-miúda. O extrato hidroalcoólico (EHA) de Mentha crispa, obtido do caule e da folha, possui atividade amebicida (Entamoeba histolytica) e giardicida (Giardia lamblia) e é explorado comercialmente na produção do fitoterápico Giamebil plus®. Os efeitos da administração oral subcrônica do EHA de Mentha crispa foram investigados sobre a performance reprodutiva em ratos Wistar adultos. Três grupos de ratos machos (n=6-12/grupo) foram tratados durante 30 dias consecutivos com EHA por via oral nas doses de 0,5 e 1,0 g/kg de peso ou água destilada (grupo controle). Em seguida, foram determinados os índices reprodutivos, massa dos órgãos e análise morfológica do testículo, epidídimo e ducto deferente. Os resultados mostram que, durante o período de tratamento, não se observaram sinais de toxicidade ou morte dos animais. Os índices reprodutivos, assim como a massa e as morfologias macro e microscópica dos órgãos não foram modificados pela administração subcrônica do EHA. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a administração subcrônica do extrato hidroalcoólico de Mentha crispa (Giamebil plus®) não possui atividade contraceptiva sobre o sistema reprodutor de ratos Wistar.

Mentha crispa (Lamiaceae) is commonly known as "hortelã-da-folha-miúda". The hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) from the leaves and stem of Mentha crispa possesses amebicidal (Entamoeba histolytica) and giardicidal (Giardia lamblia) activity and it is commercially used in the production of the phytoterapic Giamebil plus®. The effects of the subchronic administration of the HAE of Mentha crispa were investigated on reproductive performance in adult Wistar rats. Three groups of male rats (n=6-12/group) were orally treated daily for 30 consecutive days with the HAE at doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg or distilled water (control group). Then, the reproductive indices, the organ weight and the morphologic analysis of testicle, epididymis and vas deferens were determined. There were no signs of toxicity or deaths during the period of treatment. Furthermore, the reproductive indices, the organ weight and the macroscopic and microscopic morphologic analysis of the organs were not altered by subchronic administration of the HAE of Mentha crispa. It shows that the subchronic administration of the HAE of Mentha crispa (Giamebil plus®) did not possess contraceptive activity on the reproductive system of Wistar rats.

Some studies have shown that pinealectomized female rats present a large concentration of collagen fibers in the endometrium. The lack of light results in morphologic alterations in the uterine lamina propria and in the muscular layer, reducing thus the uterine weight. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze ultra-structurally the influence of melatonin in the remodeling of the collagen in the endometrium, in the estrus phase, in pinealectomized adult rats or submitted to lack of light. The experimental groups: I- sham-pinealectomized maintained in a clear/dark cycle 12/12 hours, during three months; II- pinealectomized rats maintained in a clear/dark cycle 12/12 hours, for three months; III- normal rats maintained in clear/dark cycle 12/12 hours for three months; IV- normal rats maintained in lack of light, for three months. Fragments of a third of uterus average were gathered, fixed in Karnowsky solution and processed for Transmission Electron Microscope analysis. The results showed that the animals of the group II presented greater incidence of the estrus phase, in a percentile of 60%, and reduction of the proestrus phase. In the groups I, III and IV it had an equivalence of the estrus phase, however the animals of group IV showed a greater incidence of the diestrus phase with an average percentile of 40%. The ultra-structural analysis of the lamina propria of the endometrium in the animals of the groups I and III revealed several fibroblasts with nucleus presenting a little dense chromatin, and cytoplasm contents a great quantity of rugous endoplasmic reticulum. In the animals of the group II was observed a great quantity of fibroblasts, with several developed rugous endoplasmic reticulum, in spite of the great quantity of collagen fibers. In the animals of group IV themselves, few fibroblasts with small quantity of cytoplam that presents a scarce profile of rugous endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, one can conclude that melatonin may perform a regulator factor in the collagen fibers synthesis by fibroblasts

Algunos estudios han demostrado que ratas pinealectomizadas presentan gran concentración de fibras colágenas en el endometrio. La ausencia de luz resulta en alteraciones morfológicas en la lámina propia y capa muscular del útero, reduciendo el peso uterino. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar ultra-estructuramente la influencia de la melatonina en la remodelación del colágeno en el endometrio, en la fase de estro, en ratas adultas pinealectomizadas o sometidas a la ausencia de luz. Los grupos experimentales fueron: I ratas Sham-pinealectomizadas mantenidas en ciclo luz/oscuridad 12/12 horas, por tres meses; II ratas pinealectomizadas mantenidas en ciclo luz/oscuridad 12/12 horas, por tres meses; III ratas normales mantenidas en ciclo luz/oscuridad 12/12 horas por tres meses; IV ratas normales mantenidas en ausencia de luz, por tres meses. Se tomaron fragmentos del tercio medio del útero, fijados en solución de Karnowsky y procesados para análisis en microscopía electrónica de transmisión. Los resultados fueron: los animales del grupo II presentaron mayor incidencia de la fase de estro, con porcentaje de 60% y reducción de la fase de proestro al 4%. En los grupos I, III, y IV hubo una equivalencia de la fase de estro, sin embargo, los animales del grupo IV mostraron mayor incidencia de la fase de diestro con porcentaje alrededor de 40%. El análisis ultra-estructural de la lámina propia del endometrio de los animales de los grupos I y III reveló fibroblastos con núcleo con cromatina poco densa, y en el citoplasma gran cantidad de retículo endoplasmático rugoso. En los animales del grupo II, fue observada la presencia de gran cantidad de fibroblastos con numerosos retículos endoplasmáticos rugosos bastantes desarrollados, además de gran cantidad de fibras colágenas. En los animales del grupo IV, se observó pocos fibroblastos con escaso citoplasma y poca cantidad de retículo endoplasmático rugoso. Podemos concluir que la melatonina desempeña una actividad en la síntesis de fibras colágenas por los fibroblastos